Water borne related issues are major roadblocks to sustained development. As noted by Topher, disease statics are stark and tragic: 80% of illness and death in the developing world is water related; half of the worlds hospitals beds occupied by children’s with water borne diseases; is far away largest causes of mortality in children. The aim of study is to Assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programmes on knowledge regarding the prevention of water-borne diseases among primary school children. In this study an evaluative approach was adopted, Quasi-experimental group one group pre-test post-test control and experimental group. In this study, the population comprised of primary school children with age groups between 11 to 13 years. The conceptual framework used in this study is based on Roy’s adaptation model (1984). out of 60 subjects, most subjects that belonged to subjects were male (54.4%). The majority of having a joint family (66.4%). The majority of children are from urban areas (88.4%). The pre-test percentage distribution of knowledge score of the subject is 33.06% of water-borne diseases. pre-test majority of subject 21(70%) had average, 3 (10%) had poor and 6(20%) had good knowledge scores in the experimental group and 26 (86.6%) had average and 0 (0%) had poor and 4 (13.4%) had good knowledge scores in the control group. The difference between experimental and control groups for good scores is 6.6%, over the age score is 16.6%, and the poor score is 10%. The mean difference is 8.8, the standard error is 3.96, the calculated paired ‘t-test value is 12.15 at 0.05 level of significance and the tabulated value is 2.04. hence calculated paired ‘t-test value is greater than tabulated value. Hence H0 is rejected and H1 was accepted. There is a positive correlation between the pre-test knowledge score as measured by r= 0.638 respectively.

Malnutrition is a ‘man-made disease which often starts in the womb and ends in the tomb. India is home to 46.6 million stunted children and more than half of them fall in the severely malnourished category as per Global Nutrition Report. Until the age of five, proper nutrition is the key in establishing a healthy foundation for one’s life span. Malnutrition amongst children under the age of five is a doorway to a life landmarked with cognitive and physical setbacks. Malnutrition refers to the situation where there is an unbalanced diet in which some nutrients are in excess, lacking or wrong proportion. Malnutrition is not due to deficiency of a single nutrient, but is often a result of inadequate intake or poor utilization of food. This leads to various degrees of growth retardation, developmental problems and frequent infections contribute to malnutrition

Child abuse has been identified as a serious public health concern. This issue has been a global challenge. Child abuse, in its various forms can be found everywhere in India – in rural and urban cities, in the homes of the rich and the poor, and in the streets and schools. India is a country of strong cultural beliefs where care of children is considered the purview of the family predominantly and child abuse, especially sexual abuse, is an issue surrounded by a conspiracy of muteness. Child abuse is a significant problem that requires an effective means of prevention. Abused children often suffer with physical injuries, stress and post-traumatic stress disorders that may disrupt the normal pattern of growth and development.

Every woman dreams for pregnancy and a healthy child. Traditional practices to develop the child healthy in the womb are very familiar and popular, but developing the child mentally & intellectually is least known. Garbh sanskar is a modern practice to develop the child not only physically, but also mentally, socially & spiritually. It is a new way to have your dream child. It includes many activities which involve mother, parents & family. It serves different benefits to the mother & baby. Different garbh sanskar training centers are providing this facility to the antenatal mothers during their pregnancy period.

Environmental sanitation is the control of all those factors in man's physical environment, health and survived. WHO defines environmental sanitation as "the control of all these factors in man's physical environment which exercise or may exercise a deleterious effect on physical development health and survivals. one group pre-test post-test design was adopted for the present study. A House holder was selected by using purposive sampling technique method. The study was conducted in selected urban community "Ganeshnagar" Bhuj. The sample size was 30 householders who satisfied the inclusive criteria. Tool used for this study was demographic variables, structured knowledge questionnaire regarding environmental sanitation. Data was collected by pretest and posttest method. The most of the house holder were had adequate(63%) and moderately adequate(33%) knowledge regarding environmental sanitation and after administering the Structured Teaching Programme on environmental sanitation the majority of the house holders had the adequate knowledge(83%) . The findings of the study indicate that the post-test knowledge score of group were comparatively higher than the pretest knowledge scores. There was no association between pretest and posttest knowledge scores of the house holders.

Micro-organisms are tiny living creatures, such as bacteria and viruses. Micro-organisms are present everywhere in the world. Despite their overwhelming abundance, relatively few of the thousands of species of micro-organisms invade, multiply and cause illness in animals and people. Many micro-organisms live on the skin, in the mouth, upper airways and intestines of living beings without causing disease. As the scenario of hospital care suggest that the nurse is only the health personnel who be with the patient for whole day, from admission to discharge of the patient and highly responsible or major factor considered in transferring the disease from one patient to other patient. Objective 1. To assess the demographic variables of the student nurses. 2. To assess the level of knowledge and attitude regarding infection control measures among the selected student nurses of MBNC. 3. To evaluate the effectivness of STP on knowledge and attitude regarding infection control measures among the experimental group of selected student nurses of MBNC of UTU Bardoli. 4. To find out the correlation between pretest knowledge and attitude scores of nursing students of MBNC. 5. To compare the posttest knowledge and attitude scores between experimental and control group. 6. To find-out the association between the pretest knowledge scores and their selected sociodemographic variables. 7. To find out the association between the pretest attitude scores and their selected socio demographic variables. Research Approach: Quantitative research approach and Research Design : True experimental one group pretest posttest control group design. The results of the study depicted that there is significant association between knowledge scores and level of education and source of information as calculated chi-sqaure value was greater than the chi-sqaure tabulated value.

The fruitful change from intrauterine to extrauterine life is reliant upon important physiologic change that happen at birth. Objectives: 1.To assess the level of knowledge on neonatal resuscitation among staff nurses. 2.To assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on neonatal resuscitation among staff nurses. 3.To determine the association between level of knowledge on neonatal resuscitation among staff nurses with their selected demographic variables. Quasi experimental design (pre-test post-test design without control group) was used in the study. Result shows that association between the level of pain with their selected demographic variables, in this there were significant association found with age and occupation and others were not significant such as education, type of family, monthly income, religion.

Adolescent account for 1/5th of world’s population and in India they account for 22.80% of total population (WHO). India continues to be one of the countries with very high prevalence of anaemia to be 70-80% in children, 70% in pregnant women and 24% in adult men.

The prevalence of anaemia is high in developing countries because of poverty, parasitism and malnourishment. It is high in India owing to low dietary intake, poor bioavailability of iron and chronic blood loss like that due to menstruation, recurrent abortions, multiple pregnancies and deliveries.

Adolescents have increased nutritional requirements demanding diet rich in protein, vitamins, calcium, iodine, phosphorus and iron due to rapid growth spurt and increased physical activity. NFHS-3 data shows in the age group 15-19 yrs, 56% girls and 30% boys were found to be anaemic.

The nutritional anaemia in this group attributes to high MMR, high incidence of low - birth weight babies, high prenatal mortality and fetal wastage and consequent high fertility rates. This phase of life is also important due to the ever increasing evidence that control of anaemia in pregnant women may be more easily achieved if satisfactory iron status can be ensured during adolescence.

Poor menstrual hygiene and inadequate self-care are major determinants of morbidity and other complications among adolescent age groups. Some of these problems include urinary tract infections, scabies in the vaginal area, abnormal abdominal pain, and absence from school. Due to the silence prevailing in developing countries related to the topic of menstruation and related issues, many young girls lack appropriate information on menstrual hygiene. Learning about menstrual hygiene is a vital part of health education for adolescent girls so that they can continue to work and maintain hygienic habits throughout their life. Objectives: The objectives of this study were (1) to assess the knowledge of students about menstrual hygiene and the diseases contracted if the standards of hygiene are not maintained and (2) to educate and increase the awareness of the students about the proper hygiene to be maintained during the cycle and about the risks. Materials and Methods: This was a two-point cross-sectional study, carried out among 200 adolescent school going girl students of Government School. The study population was interviewed through pre-tested and pre-designed questionnaire, and intervention in the form of audiovisual presentations was given. Results: Of 200 students studied, majority, i.e., 71% of the girls was aged between 15 and 17 years. Only 38% of the girls were aware of menstruation before menarche. The main source of information about menstruation and menstrual hygiene was their mother in about 54% of girls. 76% of the girls used sanitary pads during menstruation. Conclusion: The present study shows the need for adolescent girls to have accurate and adequate information about menstruation. The study revealed that the knowledge on menstruation is poor and the hygiene practiced is often suboptimal. Awareness among adolescent girls regarding menstruation has increased in recent times, but lot more can be done to improve menstrual health management awareness among adolescent girls for addressing those problems.

Background Family is the key resources in the care of patient including those with alcohol dependence in India . Alcohol is widely used , alcohol in ways that do not increase risk for alcohol use problems and may also derive a health benefit , for others use of alcohol will increase their risk for Aims and objectives : The purpose this study was To assess the quality of life of alcohol dependence patients. And To determine association of quality of life of alcohol dependence patients with selected demographic variables. Methodology The study covered a period from 17/7/2017 to 03/08/2017 The research design is non-experimental, research setting selected was psychiatric ward , New Civil Hospital, Surat. The study was conducted on the alcohol dependent patients as target population and 30 alcohol dependent patients were selected as samples. Checklists were used as tool for data collection by investigators, and then tools were validated by experts. Before performing data collection written permission was taken from the concerned authority.Results The study reveled 30(100%) were Males, Descriptive statistics revealed that quality of life of alcohol dependent patients of which physical aspect are highest affected. in proportion of 70% has given answer Yes and 30% has given answer No. Majority 75% of the Physical aspect were affected in age group >45 years. Majority 5001-10,000RS per month. Higher 85% of the Physical aspects were affected in any other work related to occupation.Conclusion The study concluded that qualities of life of alcohol dependent patients were having the different type of aspect including personal aspect, physical aspect, social aspect, psychological aspect, economical aspect. They having monthly income less than 5,000 RS and 5001-10,000 RS and having occupation more in labourer. Key word: alcohol dependence,quality of life, leaflet

Background: We live fast changing global environment where peril and risk to human society abound. Disaster has the ability to maim and kill people. They destroy property and the environment. Yet, disaster occur and re-occur with lasting detrimental consequences for Aims and objectives the purpose to assess the effectiveness of workshop on knowledge of disaster management Methodology The study covered a period from 17/7/2017 to 03/08/2017 The research design is experimental, research setting selected was BSc nursing students for selected college Rajkot, patients as target population and 40 BSc nursing students were selected as samples. Questionaries' were used as tool for data collection by investigators, and then tools were validated by experts. Before performing data collection written permission was taken from the concerned authority Results Majority of the experimental group 24(60%) samples were at the age 18 years., Majority of the experimental group 32(80%) samples were females Majority of the experimental group 40 (100%) samples were 1st year B.Sc. Nursing students Majority of the experimental group 40 (100%) samples were from Hindu religion., Majority of the experimental group 35 (87.5%) samples were vegetarian, Majority of the samples in experimental group 26(65%) had experience previously in attending training programme regarding disaster., The mean score of knowledge measured in experimental group during pretest is 10.3 ,standard deviation is 1.8 and during post test is 17.5, standard deviation is 2.8., chi square was calculated to find out the association between the post test level of knowledge in experimental group and their selected demographic variables. There was no significant association between post test level of knowledge in experimental and their selected demographic variables such as age, sex education religion, food habits .In experimental group there was significant association between the post test level of knowledge and their selected demographic variables such as previously attended training program .

Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever is a tick borne zoonotic infection caused by the arbo-virus, which is a member of the genus Nairovirus and is characterized by a sudden onset of high fever, chills, severe headache, dizziness, malaise, abdominal and back pains also in some cases diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, muscle aches, sore throat and thrombocytopenia. In severe cases, hemorrhagic expressions, grading from petechiae to huge areas of ecchymosis, may also raise. CCHF is a challenge for the people of endemic rural regions, and for veterinary and health care personnel, and shows a significant mortality. In modern era, main progresses in the molecular recognition of CCHF-virus, mainly the usage of real-time PCR, in clinics and fields for tick samples have been allowed for quick diagnosis of infection and molecular epidemiological research. CCHF have limited treatment choices. During sporadic outbreaks of disease Ribavirin and Immuno-therapy have been attempted with unreliable degrees of achievement. Therefore, currently no anti-viral treatment approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of CCHF. But, changed concerned in CCHFV, besides better understanding of its fundamental biology, might possibly contribute to enhanced therapies in the coming future.

Gaucher's disease is an inherited disorder. It is most common in Jewish people of Eastern and Central European. The National Gaucher's Foundation (United States) states the incidence of Gaucher's disease is about one in 20,000 live births. Around one in 100 people in US is a carrier for type I Gaucher's disease, giving a prevalence of one in 40,000. The tradition of consanguineous marriages are responsible to increase the frequency of Gaucher’s disease in India. It is the result of a buildup of certain fatty substances in certain organs, particularly spleen and liver. Due to that organ get enlarge and can affect their function. The fatty substances also can build up in bone tissue, weakening the bone and increasing the risk of fractures. An individual patient requires optimal monitoring, enzyme therapy and genetic counseling for good prognosis

The birth environment can support or hinder physiologic birth. Although most births occur in hospitals, there has been an increase in requests for home and birth center births. Nurses can support physiologic birth in different environments by ensuring a calm environment that helps reduce stress hormones known to slow labor. In any birth setting, nurses can encourage the use of facilities and equipment that support a physiologic labor and birth and aid the transition of the newborn. Adopting a womancentred philosophy and a human-rights based approach opens the door to many of the care options that women want such as the right to have a companion of choice with them throughout the labour and birth as well as the freedom to move around during the early stages of labour and to choose their position for birth. These recommendations are all evidencebased, optimize health and well-being, and have been shown to have a positive impact on women's experience of childbirth.

Paediatric nurse practitioners (PNPs) aim to deliver positive health outcomes for children while working in varying fields such as oncology, critical care, and wellness education. PNPs dedicate themselves to improving treatment outcomes for children and advancing the PNP profession. In these capacities, pediatric nurse practitioners play an integral role in promoting professional development for their discipline, educating children and families about important health interventions, and improving wellness among the childs population. These health professionals support wellness for children and their families in forums hosted by influential health leaders, politicians, and agency directors. PNPs might pursue these objectives by assuming community leadership roles, serving on advocacy committees, or acting as a liaison between families and health officials.

A non-experimental descriptive survey study was conducted to assess the knowledge on prevention of HIV/AIDS among youths of Honaga village in Vantamuri PHC, Belgaum taluka from 1st December 2008 to 31st January 2009. 50 youths were selected by using simple random sampling technique. Data was collected by using structured knowledge questionnaire schedule on prevention of HIV/AIDS. The results of the study showed that majority of the subjects 19 (38%) belonged to the age group of 25-30 years and minimum number 5 (10%) belonged to the age group of 35-40 years. Majority of subjects 31 (42%) were graduates and minimum number 03 (6%) had primary education. The maximum number of subjects 33 (66%) were married. The majority of subjects 22 (44%) were housewife and minimum number 07 (14%) had other occupation. Maximum number of subjects 36 (72%) had habit of chewing tobacco. Maximum number of subjects 26 (52%) were getting the information from magazines. The percentage distribution of knowledge in the etiology and transmission of HIV/ AIDS was 40% and prevention of HIV/AIDS was 35%. Study concludes that there is no association between knowledge and sociodemographic variables of subjects.

Robotic surgery is one of the advanced technology using in the medical field to ease the complicated procedures through computer control by using robotic systems. Robotically-assisted surgery was developed to try to overcome the limitations of pre-existing minimally-invasive surgical procedures and to enhance the capabilities of surgeons performing open surgery. Robotic surgery became successful in almost all the branches like Urology, Gynaecology, Cardiology, Gastroenterology, Oncology and Hepatology. Using robotic surgery, surgeons can perform delicate and complex procedures that may have been difficult or impossible with other methods. Now a days the medical robots have revolutionized the speed and efficiency of health care services in several parts of the world.

Mental illness has historically brushed under the carpet and treated as a taboo subject. Thankfully, times are changing and now society is becoming more enlightened about the mental health. Technology is becoming more important part of providing solutions to prevent mental illness and improve mental health.The following some technologies and devices that are assisting in the treatment of common mental illnesses. Such as Sensor reads signs of oncoming Aggression in Autism, Tourette Syndrome Treated with Functional MRI, Smart Wrist Band to Monitor Emotions, Women Paint Over Own Digital Avatars to Improve Mental health, Machine learning predicts psychosis, Electric Brain Stimulation, Emo Graphy, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation etc.

A survey was done to identify the awareness of bank employees regarding risk factors of coronary artery disease (CAD) and to determine the presence of ten years absolute risk of developing CAD event among them. Awareness regarding risk factors was elicited using a structured questionnaire. Physical examination was conducted to identify their height, weight, body mass index, blood pressure and heart rate. Blood sample was collected to measure serum lipid profile. Ten years absolute risk for CAD event was calculated using Framingham criteria. The findings revealed that 57% of the participants had poor awareness of CAD risk factors. With regard to the 10 years absolute risk of CAD event, none of the participants had high risk. Among the male participants, seven percent of them had moderate risk, 26% of them had low risk, and 29% of them had very low risk. Among the female participants, 81% of them had very low risk and 19% of them had low risk. Health education was imparted to the participants after completion of the study.

It is the main concern for every girl & woman to maintain menstrual hygiene to avoid many of the health hazards through out their life. There are various ways to maintain menstrual hygiene & protect self, but use of menstrual cup is the advanced technique to maintain menstrual hygiene. Menstrual cup is small, flexible & feminine funnel shaped cup made up of rubber or silicone. It is inserted into vagina to collect menstrual fluid. It provides complete freedom to woman to continue her routine activities without any disturbances & need of changing repeatedly. It is available in different size, form & mode. It also has eco friendly characteristic.

Enhanced External Counter Pulsation (EECP) is performed as a non-invasive treatment which involves increasing the amount of blood returning to the heart, which helps supply, more oxygen to its starved areas. Eligible patients are those who have had coronary artery bypass or stents placed in the coronary arteries with ongoing angina or those who are not candidates for bypass or stents but continue to suffer from angina. EECP treatment originated in China where it has been extensively used since the 1960s. In the past 10 years it has been introduced to the United States, where there are currently around 1200 machines in operation.